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The big idea

What the Petroff Defence is really about.

Instead of defending the e5-pawn, Black immediately counterattacks White's e4-pawn with 2...Nf6 — meeting a threat with a threat. The result is famously solid and symmetrical, a favourite of players who want a reliable, low-risk answer to 1.e4. It trades early fireworks for clarity and balance.

  • White's plan: Grab the e5-pawn, then retreat the knight in good order; build a small central edge with d4 and natural development, and try to make Black's symmetry slightly passive.
  • Black's plan: Recover the pawn by counterattacking e4, develop quickly and harmoniously, and reach a sound, symmetrical middlegame where there are no weaknesses to target.
After 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6
The Petroff is Black's rock-solid equalizer: instead of defending e5, Black counter-attacks e4 with ...Nf6, mirrors White's setup, and trades into a comfortable, symmetrical game.

After 3.Nxe5, why does Black play 3...d6 first instead of grabbing 3...Nxe4 at once?

Answer the question to keep going!